He opposed the animal sacrifices of the Jews, and He especially had compassion for fish, calling multiple fisherman away from their occupation of killing innocent animals.” Is there any merit to this argument and the arguments of those who believe Jesus didn’t consume meat? Given the Gospels don’t mention the Essenes; Jesus must have been an Essene. In the Panarion, his epic treatise against heresy, Epiphanius gives us many details about the Ebionite lifestyle. Paul's Christ Movement, on the other hand, was phenomenally successfully. ©2021 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. Some people think that Jesus was an Essene. While we do not possess the full text of the Ebionite Gospel, which along with other "heretical" books was banned by the Church in the 4th century, we do have some Ebionite apocryphal writings such as the Clementine Homilies and the Recognitions of Clement. The evidence that Jesus was a vegetarian, or at least early Christians who knew him were vegetarians, was compelling. The question: was Jesus vegan? In both Judaism and Islam, there are ancient rules of sacrifice meant to lessen an animal's suffering and bring a quick and merciful death. Jesus clearly was not a vegetarian. The Lost Religion of Jesus is a wonderful book by Keith Akers, giving proof that Jesus was the trailblazer of today's version of today's ideal man: a peaceful, minimalist vegan. According to contemporary historian Flavius Josephus, James the Just was highly respected by the Jewish community of Jerusalem for his righteousness and adherence to the Law of Moses. And according to Epiphanius, the Ebionites were vegetarian, rejecting animal sacrifice as immoral, claiming again that they were following the teachings of Jesus himself. The Old Testament describes numerous animal offerings commanded by God, including the Passover. These ideas have of course become the bedrock of modern Christianity. For Christians, Jesus is a divine being, the Son of God, who took human form in order to experience martyrdom, death and resurrection as part of God's plan for redemption. Whether or not Jesus himself was a vegetarian, 4 th century theologian Hieronymous certainly understood Jesus as being a more than adequate basis for adopting a vegetarian diet: “The consumption of animal … Regardless, the book truly makes compelling arguments that vegetarianism was intrinsic to Christ's message of love and compassion for the world, and that gentleness toward animals is a prominent theme in Christ's parables. This argument has little merit. But the evidence is undeniable. (It is remarkable that the Ebionites believed Pope Clement was an opponent of Paul, the man today credited as a founding leader of Christianity in Rome! If Jesus ate meat, the New Testament is completely silent about it. Was Jesus vegetarian? Nor did he drink alcohol. On his way to arrest Christian fugitives in Damascus, Paul claimed to have a direct personal vision of Christ (whom he had never actually met during his lifetime). Paul taught his followers that obedience to the ritual law of Moses was no longer necessary -- indeed it was a "curse" (Galatians 3:10-13). But if Paul's vision of Christ had little support from the people who actually knew Jesus, how did it become the basis for Christianity? And as a Muslim, I was interested in learning more about these Jewish Christians led by Christ's brother James, as their vision of Jesus more closely fits my own. Salvation comes through faith in Christ's redemptive sacrifice. Several of Paul's letters in the New Testament were written to respond to the critiques of these Jewish Christians, who claimed Paul was misguided and perhaps even lying about his encounter with Christ (see Galatians 1:20, 2 Corinthians 11:31, 1 Timothy 2:7 where Paul repeatedly insists that he is not lying, since clearly this is a charge being regularly made against him). And when these envoys heard his doctrines, especially with regard to faith in Christ removing the need for Christians to follow Jewish dietary laws, all hell broke loose. Many biblical scholars believe that Jesus was a vegetarian. Most feel that their religion does not place any limits on what animals they may kill and eat. They will be food for you. Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. The most common name for these groups was the Ebionites, from the Hebrew word Evyonim, which means "the poor." That struck me as odd. The story of Paul's conversion from a persecutor of Christianity to its greatest champion is famed in Church history and doctrine. So it is clear that vegetarianism was common among Christians in Paul's day, to the extent that he had to refute their claim that refraining from meat was an act of piety. On top of that, we know that Jesus ate lots of bread (he broke bread with the disciples). My investigation into the life of Jesus began by examining the first theological dispute that arose in the Christian community after the earthly mission of Jesus. Muslims believe that Jesus never wanted to be worshipped as a deity, and that his message was very simple: "Worship God, your Lord and mine, and follow my example." How dare you turn my Father's house into a market!" Absolutely; Jesus was a vegetarian before he came to this earth to die for our sins and after he left this earth and returned to heaven as our Heavenly High Priest t o intercede on our behalf. And in the process of examining the New Testament and early historical sources about Jesus, I became shocked to learn that perhaps neither Christians nor Muslims today truly understand what Jesus was about. Discussions of the differences in Christian and Muslim approaches to Jesus can and do fill volumes, and I can only scratch the surface of this theological controversy here. And some who read his book might find his persistence on the subject annoying. Although the Bible is not definitive on the issue of Jesus himself as a vegetarian, there were highly credible, proto-Orthodox (i.e., pre-Catholic) church fathers from the 2nd to 4th centuries CE who alluded to the Jewish Christians, particularly the Ebionites, as vegetarians. 06 October, 2014 by Jeffrey W. Hamilton. PETA argues: “Jesus was compassionate, but slaughterhouses are cruel to animals. (John 2:13-17). And yet, after lengthy research into the historical record, I have become convinced that Jesus Christ himself was in all likelihood a vegetarian, and that vegetarianism was probably a central tenet of the early Christian community founded by his disciples. Jesus miraculously fed the crowds fish and bread, a strange thing for Him to do if He was a vegetarian ( Matthew 14:17-21 ). "Jesus entered the temple area and drove out all who were buying and selling there. But the Gospel accounts actually list moneychangers as one of several groups that Jesus drove out of the Temple -- and they are not the first in line. The vegetarian theologians maintain that John the Baptist made Jesus an Essene by baptizing Him which is quite a stretch. The Bible records Jesus eating fish ( Luke 24:42-43) and lamb ( Luke 22:8-15 ). Indeed Paul proudly claims in his letters that he did not need anyone's authority to preach and that his Gospel came directly from Christ himself (Galatians 1:1). ("Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the Kingdom of God" -- Luke 6:20). Akers is a committed vegetarian and he makes no apologies for the fact that he is evangelizing vegetarianism as a moral code for others. The evidence that Jesus was a vegetarian, or at least early Christians who knew him were vegetarians, was compelling. So if James really was a vegetarian, and James and Paul disagreed about the proper understanding of Christ's teachings (especially with regard to what foods a Christian should eat), then it should not be surprising if Paul had a problem with vegetarianism. To recap: (1) The controversy in the early church over vegetarianism shows that the leadership of the early church promoted vegetarianism and opposed animal sacrifice. The Essenes were a Jewish religious sect that lived in the Judean desert on the western shore of the Dead Sea during the time of Jesus. The claim that Jesus belonged to a group of vegetarian Essenes is simply wishful thinking on PETA's part. But a critic of this line of reasoning can rightly raise the fact that the Ebionites were rejected as heretics by mainstream Christianity. Jesus taught that we’re all God’s children. Billboards stating “Jesus was a vegetarian. Secretive and communal, the Essenes broke with official Judaism and retreated from the world because they though both had become polluted, unclean and ungodly. To those who sold doves he said, "Get these out of here! Neither mainstream Christianity nor mainstream Islam endorses vegetarianism as a preferred lifestyle. A few scholars have speculated that John might have been an Essene. Based on their Gospel, the Ebionites rejected what was becoming mainstream Christianity and denounced the letters of Paul as false teachings. Jesus People for Animals is a website dedicated to helping Christians become vegan. And, as we have seen, Paul's vision of Christ was opposed to rules and restrictions around food, to the extent that he found himself in conflict with James and Peter on the subject. And the outcome changed the course of history. James the Just, according to an early orthodox Christian, did not eat meat. The risen Lord ate fish in front of the disciples (Luke 24:42,34), guided them in another massive catch, and had them bring the fish to eat with Him (John 21:9-12). There are some who believe that Jesus was a vegetarian. And their vegetarian beliefs continued to influence Sufis, the mystics of Islam. If Jesus opposed the slaughter and consumption of animals, the New Testament tells nothing of it. They purport to be the writings of Clement, the first bishop of Rome, ie -- the first Catholic Pope appointed by Peter. Jesus would have also enjoyed the fruits of the land, such as figs, etc. Watching beautiful little chicks ground alive by gears and blades should make us question who we are and what being human means. In the 4th Century some Jewish Christian groups maintained that Jesus was himself a vegetarian. I think it is important to remember in a modern mechanized world, where animals are slaughtered in horrific ways using cruel and monstrous machines, that we do have a responsibility to other creatures on this earth. Maybe it is time to look back in order to move forward. The Gospels identify two other major sects of the day, the Sadducees and the Pharisees, as opponents of Jesus. In fact most Christians today would be hard-pressed to name a handful of the 613 commandments that form the backbone of the Torah. For more information please visit: http://www.kamranpasha.com. The following are Bible verses that prove it: 1. And the end result was that over centuries, Paul's idiosyncratic view of Jesus became the orthodox Christian line, simply because it survived and thrived. The Temple was both a site of worship and a butcher shop. The reference is to the practice of animal sacrifice in the Jewish Temple, where thousands of animals were ritually slaughtered every year as offerings to God, the meat being shared with the Priests. Jesus ate the Passover meal with his disciples. There is nothing wrong with abstaining from eating meat. They’ve also claimed that the New Testament supports Jesus’ vegetarianism, although that requires you to believe that Jesus’ frequent encouragement of fishermen … Muslim belief is that the central teachings of Christianity -- the divinity of Christ and his death as a sacrificial atonement -- are later pagan inventions that Jesus himself would have rejected. After lengthy research, I have become convinced that Jesus Christ himself was in all likelihood a vegetarian, and that vegetarianism was probably a central tenet of the early Christian community. There are some who believe that Jesus was a vegetarian. The story of Jesus multiplying fish and bread, not to mention the Passover lamb, argues against vegetarianism too. God gave humanity permission to eat meat after the flood (Genesis 9:3). Jesus spoke of loving one’s enemy. This is an apparent reference to the many sayings of Jesus where he consistently honors and elevates the poor. In addition, He would have eaten lamb during Passover. ), The Homilies and the Recognitions contain accounts of Peter's mission and his disputes with a false teacher named "Simon Magus" who is misleading people about Jesus (Simon Magus is clearly an Ebionite code-name for Paul). Most Christian scholars would not dispute the basic outline of the history as I have laid it out here. Islam is not a vegetarian religion, and if I had been looking for historical evidence to support my Muslim beliefs in the teachings of the Jewish Christians, I certainly found these accounts quite jarring. Part of HuffPost Wellness. Was The Crucifixion the Result of Christ's Opposition to Animal Sacrifice? It seems the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have launched a campaign to claim that Jesus was a vegetarian. To the extent that the Jewish scriptures appeared to endorse animal sacrifice by the Priests (cf. The historical Jesus, as I’ve argued elsewhere, was clearly vegetarian. That meant that Jesus was circumcised, prayed ritually every day according to ancient Jewish practices, worshipped at the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, observed the Sabbath and major Jewish festivals such as Passover and Yom Kippur, and adhered to kosher laws regarding which foods were acceptable and which weren't (Jesus would not have eaten pork, for example). But it seemed to be … To prove Jesus was an Essene, the vegetarian theologians work backward from John the Baptist. And in the pseudo-Clementine literature, Peter is portrayed as a vegetarian who only eats bread and olives, and avoids eating "dead flesh.". There are many sources for the following historical interpretation, but the most readable and well argued is by Prof. Barrie Wilson, a respected biblical scholar at York University in Toronto. Most Christians assume that Jesus ate fish and Passover lamb and therefore could not have been a vegetarian. This last point was not controversial in his lifetime, but became a major issue later when an increasing number of Gentiles (who had no such food restrictions) began to convert to Christianity. In order to get to the point that Jesus appears to have been a vegetarian according to early Christian sources, I must first give a basic explanation of the historical process by which the religious movement we now call Christianity came together. So he made a whip out of cords, and drove all from the temple area, both sheep and cattle, The Lost Religion of Jesus: Simple Living and Nonviolence in Early Christianity. The ideas of a Divine Man incarnating, dying and being reborn, were already popular mystical doctrines in these communities, and it was not hard to replace Mithras or Osiris with Christ. Fresh fish would have been plentiful around the Mediterranean coast, Sea of Galilee and Jordan River; … What does Scripture actually say? The Essenes are not mentioned in the New Testament, nor is there any mention of Jesus belonging to any Jewish sect. And so these teachings of Jesus continue to live on. But Akers makes a compelling argument that spiritual vegetarians have always existed within the Christian community, and that their voice of compassion toward animals is one that will never be silenced. “Jesus said unto them, Have ye here any meat? God is love, so it’s no surprise that eating animals isn’t His preference. Yes, I know. Untouched by the destruction of Jerusalem, the Gentile based religion easily eclipsed the struggling Jewish movement that had been its predecessor (and competitor). After the flood in Noah’s time, God gave humanity permission to eat meat (Genesis 9:2-3). But I state these points above as a disclaimer. Albert Einstein Einstein in Western culture is synonymous with genius. Reports say he was vegetarian just for the last year of his life. Yes there have been vegetarians throughout history. But what is fascinating is that Paul's letters, the earliest Christian documents (preceding even the Gospels by decades), reveal that Paul's vision of the Christ was not the same as the Jesus known to his family and disciples. This one was holy from his mother's womb. Not surprisingly, his proclamation of speaking on behalf of Christ did not sit well with the Jerusalem Christians who had known Jesus personally and could not reconcile Paul's vision of the antinomian Christ with the Torah-observant rabbi who had led them. I must admit to you, I'm not writing this article as an expert on the vegan diet and lifestyle—because I am … Jesus socialized with lepers. It is an incredibly powerful visual image. My first novel, Mother of the Believers, about the birth of Islam from the perspective of Prophet Muhammad's wife Aisha, has been a success. The primary reference is to those who were "buying and selling." If you appreciate this page please like it, thanks. So even for a Christian believer, there is the problem that the words of Jesus as recorded in the canonical Gospels are translations from the language he actually spoke. If you’re a Christian who follows a vegetarian or vegan diet, you may have heard this defensive response from fellow meat-eating believers: “But Jesus wasn’t a vegan. Religious vegetarianism is commonplace in the East, but is not considered mainstream in most Western faith communities. Epiphanius quotes the Gospel of the Ebionites where Jesus has a confrontation with the high priest. So what if they were vegetarians? At creation man was vegetarian. (Matthew 21:12). These documents (known to scholars as the "pseudo-Clementines") are Ebionite stories about the early Christians. Paul's vision of Christ the Divine Savior had many similarities to popular religions of the Roman Empire, including the mystery schools of Egypt and the cult of Mithras. I wanted to present Jesus as early Christians likely saw him, even if that understanding was different from my own faith. But it seemed to be a minor doctrinal point, with little historical significance. And this skeptical approach toward the official version of Christian history has led me to a deep personal conviction -- based on the historical sources -- that Christ's message was not just about loving your fellow human beings, but that he actually was deeply concerned that his followers show compassion toward animals. The Jesus Movement (Jews who saw Jesus as their teacher and leader) was based in Jerusalem at the time, while Paul was preaching to Gentiles throughout Asia Minor (modern Turkey), apparently without any authority from the disciples to do so. If we accept that Jesus of Nazareth, the divine Savior of Christianity and the human Prophet of Islam, cared so deeply for animals that he would endanger his own life to end cruelty against them, what does that mean for us today? Paul said that he had been given a direct revelation of Christ's gospel and began to preach his understanding of Christ to Gentiles. Jesus was not a vegetarian. And yet these ancient nomads chose to think about the welfare of animals, to feel empathy for the taking of their lives for food, and to find ways to do so as mercifully as they could. Sign up for Beliefnet's Bible Reading newsletter. As Christians, we are still called to treat animals with kindness. Then there’s the argument that Jesus called multiple fisherman away from their occupation of killing animals. Indeed, human beings throughout history have questioned the morality of animal slaughter, and religious traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have long been the home for those who believe that killing and consuming sentient animals is barbaric. The followers of Jesus the man were centered around Jerusalem, while the followers of Christ the God were scattered throughout the Roman Empire. Many indeed are called James. As biblical scholar Robert Eisenman points out in his monumental work James the Brother of Jesus, "Who and whatever James was, so was Jesus.". That means the huge business of animal sales for sacrifice! He drank neither wine nor strong drink, ate no flesh, never shaved or anointed himself with ointment or bathed...", There it was. He opposed the animal sacrifices of the Jews, and he especially had compassion for fish, calling multiple fishermen away from their occupation of killing innocent animals.” All that was needed to be a Christian was faith in Christ and his redemptive sacrifice. The famous scene where Jesus overturns the tables of the moneychangers is usually the focal point of Christian tellings of the story. In a vision to the apostle Peter, Jesus declared all foods to be clean, including animals ( Acts 10:10-15 ). Beliefnet is a lifestyle website providing feature editorial content around the topics of inspiration, spirituality, health, wellness, love and family, news and entertainment. We know from (Lk 24:41-43) that Jesus ate broiled fish. Jesus was a Vegetarian ~ MUST SEE! Interestingly, there is little controversy over how Jesus lived. Evidence of Ethical Vegetarianism in Mainstream Christianity. PETA’s basic argument is this: “Jesus was compassionate, but slaughterhouses are cruel to animals. I know that is true in my own case. Jesus is a pivotal figure in both Christianity and Islam, and both religions consider themselves to contain the true teachings of Christ. Seeing such cruel and heartless treatment of living beings has undoubtedly caused some of us carnivores to at least take a moment to consider the dark truths behind how animals are processed for food in the modern world. Indeed, the modern Christian notion that Paul was on good terms with the disciples who had known Jesus in his lifetime is simply not borne out in Paul's own letters. For instance, Isaiah 40:3 makes the reference to John: “The voice of him [John] that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD make straight in the desert a highway for our God.” The same passage appears frequently in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Originally Answered: Was Jesus Christ a vegetarian? The primary differences between the two faiths arise over his identity and message. But during his lifetime, and for several years afterward, the followers of Jesus did not see themselves as creating a new religion. There is already a language barrier that separates us from the historical Jesus. If he were to eschew the obligatory Passover lamb served during the Passover, it surely world have been recorded somewhere. It also isn’t likely that the Essenes were even vegetarians. 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